T cells are white blood cells that are important for adaptive immunity. They have unique cell surface receptors that are generated by randomly assorting genes. These receptors allow T cells to ...

White T-shirts get a lot of attention, but let’s not forget their equally versatile counterpart: the exceedingly wearable, deceptively simple black T-shirt. It’s a staple you can wear to work ...

Five years on, scientists are starting to understand how the virus can lead to long-term ... The cause: Scientists don’t know why, exactly, Covid can throw off normal gut function so much ...

The immune system simply doesn’t work that way. The first time your immune system encounters a new threat — such as a virus or a bacteria — it needs to learn how to create protective antibodies.

Measles isn't the only virus that can cause this. For example, HIV is another virus that infects the immune system. Studies show immune amnesia can last months to a couple of years, according to ...

Overall, then, H5N1 has a long history of transmission through multiple bird and mammal species worldwide, and the virus has undergone massive diversification into multiple genetic subtypes. The jump ...

But as Europe’s faith in American protection wavers, does France’s nuclear umbrella offer a realistic ... if France doesn’t trust mighty Americal to defend it, why should its European ...

French President Emmanuel Macron has said he is considering opening France's "nuclear umbrella" to the rest of Europe - amid uncertainties over US security guarantees. Ahead of EU leaders meeting ...

It provides some military capabilities that Europe cannot match, from mid-air refuelling to its nuclear umbrella. Nuclear deterrence is enshrined in NATO’s Article V collective defence pledge ...