Neutron-scattering experiments have revealed a predicted high-pressure phase of ice called ‘plastic ice VII’, in which molecules form crystals, as they do in normal ice, but rotate as in ...

Biosensors are devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure or a microorganism. Biosensors consist of three parts: a ...

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. It considers processes that occur at the population, community and ecosystem levels and has a particular focus ...

Here, the authors present a strategy to use the thioester reductase domain in polyketide synthases for the stereoselective and customizable production of non-natural alcohols. Mitochondrial ...

The health sciences study all aspects of health, disease and healthcare. This field of study aims to develop knowledge, interventions and technology for use in healthcare to improve the treatment ...

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the understanding and application of the properties of matter. Materials scientists study the connections between the underlying ...

Earth and environmental sciences cover all aspects of Earth and planetary sciences, and broadly encompasses solid Earth processes, surface and atmospheric dynamics, Earth system history, climate ...

Biological sciences encompasses all the divisions of natural sciences examining various aspects of vital processes. The concept includes anatomy, physiology, cell biology, biochemistry and ...

Stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop into more mature, specialised cells. Stem cells can be unipotent, multipotent, pluripotent or totipotent ...

Breast cancer is caused by the development of malignant cells in the breast. The malignant cells originate in the lining of the milk glands or ducts of the breast (ductal epithelium). Breast ...

Physical sciences are those academic disciplines that aim to uncover the underlying laws of nature - often written in the language of mathematics. It is a collective term for areas of study ...

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that is caused by Plasmodium parasites. Patients with malaria experience flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, the disease can progress to neurological ...