A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes.

Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that allows the exchange of genetic material between two organisms or cells ...

"Once you create plasmid fragments, then more DdmE can acquire the fragments as guides to target more plasmids in the cell." However, he added, "How the first guide was created in the cell is ...

By balancing CRISPR-Cas-mediated cutting and gene transfer, ADEPT dynamically controls both the plasmid copy number within individual cells and the fraction of plasmid-carrying cells in a ...

Plasmids come in different sizes and conformations, and so confirming and verifying plasmid quality is essential for downstream use. Scientists commonly do this using gel electrophoresis analysis, ...

In animals, effective immune responses against malignancies and against several infectious pathogens, including malaria, are mediated by T cells. Here we show that a heterologous prime-boost ...

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Immunizing the host with a piece of viral DNA rather than an antigenic protein fragment of the virus, helps to stimulate the generation of cell-mediated immunity (Fig. 2). DNA vaccines contain the ...

Cell debris was removed by centrifugation and plasmid was precipitated by 0.7 volume of isopropanol. The pelleted DNA was resuspended in 400 μl of 10 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0 and precipitated with an ...