The changes in ocean chemistry were gradual. The Archaean period lasted 1.5 billion years. This is more than half of Earth’s ...

The new research, published recently in Nature, used numerical simulations to reconstruct the underwater light environment of ...

New findings provide a greater understanding of plate subduction, or how tectonic plates slide beneath one another. This recycling of surface materials and volatile elements deep into the Earth's ...

Based on the most likely pathway, the total biomass of the moon, if it has any, will probably be less than an average human.

New research reveals the remarkable chemical diversity of substances exuded by coral reefs and demonstrates that thousands of different chemicals derived from tropical corals and seaweeds are ...

When the Kīlauea Volcano erupted in May 2018, an enormous amount of ash was released into the atmosphere in a plume nearly ...

In a cave overlooking the ocean on the southern coast of South Africa, archaeologists discovered thousands of stone tools, created by ancient humans roughly 20,000 years ago. By examining tiny details ...

Far beyond our blue planet, some 1.2 billion kilometers away, lies Saturn’s largest moon, Titan—a massive, hazy orb often described as an “Earthlike surface atop a hidden ocean.” Though cloaked in icy ...

The Copernicus Climate Change Service has revealed that March 2025 saw the lowest sea ice maximum extent in the 47-year ...

The depths, longevity, and potential to generate silicic compositions of magma chambers are linked to crustal temperature, which varies across Mars and over its geological history.