Modern continental rocks carry chemical signatures from the very start of our planet's history, challenging current theories about plate tectonics.

Research results showed Earth’s earliest crust – known as the protocrust – that formed during the Hadean eon, would have a chemical composition identical to that of the modern average ...

Researchers have identified a section of ancient oceanic crust beneath the Midwest that is pulling present-day North American crust into the mantle.

Scientists have long thought that tectonic plates needed to dive beneath each other to create the chemical fingerprint we see ...

The global bismuth oxide market size is set to embark on a steady growth trajectory, expanding at a 6.9% value CAGR from 2022 to 2032.