Seleucus of Seleucia was an ancient astronomer who defended heliocentrism, arguing that Earth orbits the Sun and rotates on ...

“Certainly,” Gingerich says, “Ptolemy did not commit fraud. And his great contribution of the geocentric theory,” he adds, “was the true testament to Ptolemy’s greatness as an astronomer.

Now researchers have managed to recover the text written by Ptolemy on a parchment that suffered such a previous recovery attempt. Outermost six rings of the meteoroscope, not to scale.