The earliest scientists first observed the waves that earthquakes produce before they could accurately describe the nature of earthquakes or their fundamental causes, as discussed in Lessons 1–5.

The primary area of research is air-sea interaction, including the topics of surface wave dynamics, air-sea fluxes, upper ocean turbulence, including Langmuir circulations, and the remote sensing of ...

Traveling through the interior of the Earth, body waves arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. These waves are higher frequency than surface waves. P waves are also known as ...