Ariel, the gang behind the Atom open wheel sports car, is aiming to make the vehicle even lighter. How? By building the chassis out of titanium – a costly process that could reduce the car’s ...

(a) Distribution of a butterfly-shaped 3d electron orbital. (b) Valence electron density distribution around the titanium (Ti3+) ion at the centre of the titanium oxide (TiO6 ) octahedron obtained ...