The Shortness of Breath in Heart Failure (SOB-HF) instrument (Table 1) was developed in three phases: first, an extensive review of the qualitative literature regarding symptom experiences of ...

Someone experiencing shortness of breath might be experiencing acute anxiety or a symptom of a heart condition. Know the difference.

When stress levels rise your breathing patterns can change leaving you gasping for air even in moments of stillness Read this ...

Shortness of breath, known medically as dyspnea, often serves as your body’s warning system for underlying health issues that need attention. When breathing becomes difficult, your heart could ...

Several limitations of the study can be identified. First, the population of interest for testing the external validity of the instrument included fewer NHF participants than HF participants, and ...